Multiple Choice Questions on Parthenocarpy Definition Types Mechanism and Examples
In botany and horticulture, Parthenocarpy is the production of fruits without the fertilisation of ovules. Fruits like bananas and figs are developed without fertilisation and do not produce any viable seeds. Parthenocarpic fruit can be either seedless (partially autogamous) or self-incompatible (fully autogamous). Parthenocarpic are common among plant hybrids and synthetic cultivars which do not require outcrossing to reproduce sexually. Parthenocarpy is a type of apomixis or agamospermy.
Various fruits like pineapple, banana, cucumber, grape, orange, grapefruit, persimmon, and breadfruit exemplify naturally occurring parthenocarpy, but what importance does Parthenocarpy carry and why do we study it?
This page discusses the importance of Parthenocarpy along with the MCQs on this concept.
Importance of Parthenocarpy
It helps in fruit development under unfavourable conditions.
Parthenocarpic fruits are mostly seedless which increases fruit production and quality.
Parthenocarpy can also increase the shelf life of fruits.
Parthenocarpic fruits are more uniform in size and shape than seeded fruit.
Parthenocarpy is a common way to produce seedless grapes, watermelons, bananas, and citrus fruits.
Parthenocarpy is of great economic importance as it helps in increasing the yield and size of tomato, watermelon, etc., crops.
Parthenocarpic plants can be produced by treatment with plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellin.
1. Formation of Fruit Without Fertilization Is Known As:
A. Parthenocarpy
B. Parthenogenesis
C. Polyembryony
D. Polygamy
Answer: Parthenocarpy
2. An Example of Naturally Occurring Parthenocarpic Fruit Is:
A. Guava
B. Mango
C. Banana
D. Grapes
Answer: Banana
3. Which Fruit Is of No Use If Its Fruits Are of Formed by Parthenocarpy:
A. Banana
B. Orange
C. Grape
D.Pomegranate
Answer: Pomegranate
4. Which Statement About Parthenocarpy is Incorrect?
A. Fruits developed are seedless
B. Ovary is stimulated with pollination
C.The process is used as it yields high quality and consistency
D. None of the above
Answer: Ovary is stimulated with pollination
5. Tomato is Which_______Type of Fruit:
A. Pepo
B. Pome
C. Drupe
D. Berry
Answer: Berry
6. Which Among the Following Statement Is True for Fruit?
A. Only ovary of the flower develop into fruit
B. Ovary and calyx of the flower develop into fruit
C. Ovary, calyx and thalamus of flower develop into fruits
D. All floral whorl of flower develop into fruits
Answer: Only ovary of the flower develop into fruits
7. Water of Coconut Is:
A. Liquid endocarp
B. liquid mesocarp
C. Degenerated liquid endosperm
D. Liquid nucellus
Answer: Degenerate liquid endosperm
8. Fruit of Rice and Wheat Is Called:
A. Achene
B.Siliqua
C.Follicle
D. Caryopsis
Answer: caryopsis
9. Ovary Wall Give Rise To:
A. Fruit wall
B. Seed coat
C. Mesocarp
D. Endocarp
Answer: Fruit wall
10. This About Fabaceae Is Incorrect:
A. It was earlier referred to as Papilionoideae
B. Widely distributed across the world
C. It is common to find plants with fibrous root system here
D. A subfamily of family leguminosae
Answer: It is common to find plants with fibrous root system here
11. Edible Part of Mango Is Known As:
A. Mesocarp
B. Pericarp
C. Endocarp
D. Epicarp
Answer: Mesocarp
12. Arrange the Following in Correct Order:
A. Apple-------- 1.drupe
B. Pea--------2.hesperidium
C. Orange------3. legume
D. Mango--------4.Pome
Answer: A-4, B-3, C-2,D-1
13. Edible Part of Banana Is:
A. Mesocarp
B. Epicarp
C. Endocarp and less developed mesocarp
D. Epicarp and Mesocarp
Answer: Endocarp and less developed Mesocarp
14. In Which of the Following Fruit Is the Edible Part the Aril:
A.Custard apple
B.Pomegranate
C.Orange
D.Litchi
Answer: Litchi
15. Geocarpic fruit is:
A. Potato
B. peanut
C. Onion
D. Garlic
Answer: Peanut
16. Juicy Hair Structure Observed in Lemon Fruit Develop From:
A. Exocarp
B. Mesocarp
C. Endocarp
D. Mesocarp and Endocarp
Answer: Endocarp
17. Ovary Is Half-Inferior in the Flower Of:
A. Apple
B. Guava
C. Peach
D. Garlic
Answer: Peach
18. Pineapple Fruit Develop From:
A. a unilocular polycarpellary flower
B. a multistillate syncarpous flower
C. a cluster of campactly borne flowers on a common axis
D. a multilocular monocarpellary flower
Answer: a Cluster of Compactly Borne Flowers on a Common Axis
19. Grain of Maize Is:
A. Seed
B. Fruit
C. Neither seed nor fruit
D. Bud of flower
Answer: Bud of flower
FAQs on MCQs on Parthenocarpy with Answers and Concept Clarity
1. What is parthenocarpy in plants?
Parthenocarpy is the development of a fruit without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruits. In this process, the ovary develops into a fruit without the fusion of male and female gametes.
- Occurs without formation of viable seeds
- Common in fruits like banana and seedless grapes
- Can occur naturally or be induced artificially using plant hormones
2. What are the types of parthenocarpy?
The main types of parthenocarpy are natural and artificial, based on how the seedless fruit is formed.
- Natural parthenocarpy: Occurs naturally without fertilization (e.g., banana, pineapple).
- Artificial parthenocarpy: Induced by applying plant growth regulators like auxins or gibberellins.
3. How does parthenocarpy differ from parthenogenesis?
Parthenocarpy is fruit formation without fertilization, whereas parthenogenesis is the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg. The key differences include:
- Parthenocarpy: Produces seedless fruits; no embryo formation.
- Parthenogenesis: Produces a new individual without fertilization; seen in some animals and plants.
4. What are some examples of parthenocarpic fruits?
Common examples of parthenocarpic fruits include banana, seedless grapes, and pineapple. These fruits develop without fertilization and therefore lack viable seeds.
- Banana – Naturally parthenocarpic
- Seedless grapes – Often artificially induced
- Pineapple – Develops without seed formation
5. How is artificial parthenocarpy induced in plants?
Artificial parthenocarpy is induced by applying plant growth regulators to the flowers to stimulate fruit development without fertilization. The main steps include:
- Spraying hormones like auxins (IAA) or gibberellins (GA)
- Hormones stimulate ovary growth
- Fruit develops without seed formation
6. Why is parthenocarpy important in agriculture?
Parthenocarpy is important in agriculture because it produces seedless fruits that have high consumer preference and market value. Its advantages include:
- Improved fruit quality and taste
- No dependence on pollination
- Better yield under unfavorable pollination conditions
7. Does parthenocarpy require pollination?
Parthenocarpy does not require fertilization, but in some cases, pollination may occur without actual fertilization. In true parthenocarpy:
- No fertilization takes place
- Fruit develops directly from the ovary
8. What hormones are responsible for parthenocarpy?
The main hormones responsible for inducing parthenocarpy are auxins and gibberellins. These plant growth regulators stimulate ovary growth without fertilization.
- Auxins (e.g., IAA) promote cell elongation
- Gibberellins (e.g., GA3) enhance fruit development
9. Is parthenocarpy the same as apomixis?
Parthenocarpy is not the same as apomixis, although both occur without fertilization. The key difference is:
- Parthenocarpy: Produces seedless fruits.
- Apomixis: Produces seeds without fertilization.
10. Can parthenocarpy occur naturally?
Yes, parthenocarpy can occur naturally in several plant species without human intervention. This is called natural parthenocarpy.
- Occurs in banana and pineapple
- Does not require fertilization
- Results in naturally seedless fruits
