Important multiple choice questions on morphology of flowering plants with explanations
In this article, we will discuss the parts of flowering plants and their functions. The multiple-choice questions at the end can help you to test the knowledge that you acquired through the chapter.
Parts and Functions of Flowers in Plants
Roots- It is the descending part of the plant axis. During germination, the seeds develop from the radicle of the embryo. Roots are cylindrical in shape and produce tertiary and secondary roots.
Function- The primary functions of the root are fixation, absorption of minerals and water from the soil and transport up to the base of the stem.
Stem- Stems are collectively described as a shoot system and are the aerial part of the plant's body. It can be defined as the ascending path of the plant Axis which develops from the plumule.
Function- The primary function of the stem is to support and produce lateral appendages such as leaves, fruits, flowers and branches.
Leaf- The leaf is an expanded, thin, green structure that is born at the node on the stem. The presence of the chlorophyll pigment causes it to be green in color.
Function- The primary function of the leaf is to manufacture food through the process of photosynthesis and exchange glasses(air) through the process of respiration.
Flower- In the angiosperms, the reproductive unit is the flower. Flowers of basically the sexual reproduction structure of the angiosperms that consist the mainstream consisting of the parts Gynoecium, perianth and androecium.
Function- Reproduction is the primary function of a flower. They are basically the reproductive organs of the plant.
Fruit- fruits on the outcome of the flowering plants. It is a ripened ovary that is developed after fertilization.
Function- The primary function of a fruit is to disperse the seeds and also to prevent them from drying. Fleshy fruits like Apple or tomato hold juices that prevent the seeds from drying.
Seeds- The ovules develop into seeds after fertilization. The seed coat is the outermost covering of a seed. In plants gram, bean and pea the endosperm is not present.
Function-The primary functions of seeds are dispersal to a new location, nourishment of the embryo, dormancy during unfavorable conditions etc.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Fibrous adventitious roots are found in which of the following:
Turnip
Sweet potato
Grasses
Potato
In which of the following options is climbing roots found:
Orchids
Hydrilla
Pepper
Cuscuta
What kind of leaves does evergreen plants have:
Deciduous
Persistent
Caducous
None
Which of the following are non-essential parts of a flower:
Sepals and carpels
Sepals and gynoecium
Androecium and gynoecium
Sepals and petals
The fruit developed condensed inflorescence is:
Simple fruit
Composite fruit
Aggregate fruit
Etaerio
In which of the following, Geocarpic fruits are formed:
Groundnut
Carrot
Watermelon
Onion
In the ovary of which of the following is replum found:
Liliaceae
Brassicaceae
Malvaceae
Asteraceae
Vexillum is found in which of the following:
Solanaceae
Cruciferae
Rosaceae
Papilionaceae
An edible underground stem is:
Sweet potato
Carrot
Groundnut
Potato
In which of the following is pericarp and placenta are edible portions:
Apple
Potato
Tomato
Banana
More MCQs
Nodulose root found in:
Curcuma longa
Mango ginger
Ipomoea
None of these
Answer: A
2. Prop roots are:
Tap roots
Adventitious root
Secondary roots
all
Answer: B
3. Monocot can be distinguished from dicot by:
Aestivation
Venation
Both 1 and 2
None of these
Answer: B
4. In racemose, flowers are arranged in:
Acropetal order
Centrifugal order
Centripetal order
Basipetal order
Answer: A
5. Axis of inflorescence is:
Pedicel
Peduncle
Petiole
All
Answer: B
6. Stilt root occur in:
Groundnut
Rice
Sugarcane
Wheat
Answer: B
7. Arrangement of leaves on a stem or branch:
Venation
Vernation
Inflorescence
Phyllotaxy
Answer: D
8. Didynamous condition is related to:
Androecium
Gynoecium
Inflorescence
All
Answer: A
9. Androecium is a whorl of:
Anthers
Stamens
Filaments
Tepals
Answer: B
10. Syncarpous gynoecium has two or more:
Free carpels
Fused carpels
Free ovaries
All
Answer: B
11. A typical lower with superior ovary and other floral part inferior is called:
Polygamous
Hypogynous
Perigynous
Epigynous
Answer: B
FAQs on Morphology Of Flowering Plants MCQs and Answers
1. What is morphology of flowering plants?
The morphology of flowering plants is the study of the external structure and form of angiosperms. It deals with the description and identification of different plant parts such as:
- Root
- Stem
- Leaf
- Inflorescence
- Flower
- Fruit
- Seed
2. What are the main parts of a flowering plant?
The main parts of a flowering plant are the root system and the shoot system. These are divided as follows:
- Root system – includes primary root, lateral roots, and root hairs; mainly for absorption and anchorage.
- Shoot system – includes stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds; mainly for support, photosynthesis, and reproduction.
3. What is the difference between tap root and fibrous root?
The main difference between tap root and fibrous root is that a tap root has one primary root, while a fibrous root system has many roots of similar size.
- Tap root system: Develops from the radicle; one main root with lateral branches (e.g., mustard, pea).
- Fibrous root system: Primary root is short-lived; replaced by many thin roots (e.g., wheat, rice).
4. What are the functions of the root in flowering plants?
The primary function of the root in flowering plants is absorption of water and minerals from the soil. Other important functions include:
- Anchorage of the plant in soil
- Storage of food (e.g., carrot, radish)
- Conduction of absorbed materials to the stem
- In some plants, vegetative propagation
5. What is inflorescence in flowering plants?
An inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of a plant. It is mainly classified into:
- Racemose inflorescence – main axis continues to grow; flowers develop in acropetal order (e.g., mustard).
- Cymose inflorescence – main axis terminates in a flower; flowers develop in basipetal order (e.g., jasmine).
6. What are the four whorls of a flower?
A typical complete flower has four whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
- Calyx – made of sepals; protects the flower bud.
- Corolla – made of petals; attracts pollinators.
- Androecium – male reproductive part; consists of stamens.
- Gynoecium – female reproductive part; consists of carpels.
7. What is the difference between simple leaf and compound leaf?
The difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf lies in the division of the lamina.
- Simple leaf: Lamina is undivided or has incisions that do not reach the midrib (e.g., mango).
- Compound leaf: Lamina is divided into distinct leaflets; incisions reach the midrib or petiole (e.g., neem, rose).
8. What is placentation in flowering plants?
Placentation is the arrangement of ovules within the ovary of a flower. The main types include:
- Marginal placentation – ovules arranged along the margin (e.g., pea).
- Axile placentation – ovules attached to a central axis (e.g., tomato, lemon).
- Parietal placentation – ovules attached to the inner wall (e.g., mustard).
- Free central placentation – ovules on a central column without septa (e.g., Dianthus).
9. What is aestivation in flowers?
Aestivation is the arrangement of sepals or petals in a floral bud before it opens. Common types include:
- Valvate – sepals or petals touch but do not overlap.
- Twisted – each petal overlaps the next in one direction.
- Imbricate – irregular overlapping of petals.
- Vexillary – special imbricate arrangement in pea family.
10. What are the types of fruits in flowering plants?
Fruits in flowering plants are classified into simple, aggregate, and composite fruits based on their development.
- Simple fruits – develop from a single ovary of one flower (e.g., mango, tomato).
- Aggregate fruits – develop from multiple ovaries of a single flower (e.g., strawberry).
- Composite fruits – develop from an entire inflorescence (e.g., pineapple).
