Metatarsal bone definition structure types and function with diagram
A metatarsal is a group of five long bones in the foot. It is located between the tarsals and phalanges of the toes. Let us now learn what metatarsal is and how it functions in our day-to-day life. We can define it simply as long bones present in your foot that connect your ankle with your toes. They maintain the balance of your body while standing or walking. Metatarsal bones in your foot also tend to absorb force, provide support and act as a rigid lever during gait propulsion. Here we will discuss metatarsal anatomy and metatarsal fracture treatment.
Different Types of Metatarsal Fracture
There are five metatarsal bones in your foot. Metatarsal fractures account for about 60% of all pediatric foot fractures. These fractures are complete or incomplete breaks in one of the five metatarsal bones in each foot. Usually, the most fractured ones are the fifth metatarsal bones, which most of us have fractured in our childhood unknowingly while playing. It occurs when your foot receives a sudden blow or twisting of your foot severely, or overuse can cause a break or fracture to one of the bones. Generally, there are two types of fractures in the fifth metatarsal bones.
The most common fracture in your fifth metatarsal bone, closest to your ankle, is Jones fracture. This area has very little blood flow in your bone, making its healing process time-consuming and difficult. Another type of fracture occurs when a tendon forcefully pulls a piece of bone away from the remaining part of the bone, commonly known as avulsion fracture and popularly known as dancer’s fracture.
(Image will be Uploaded soon)
Metatarsal Fracture Treatment
Treatment of metatarsal fracture depends on the type and severity of the fracture. For example, the fracture of the first metatarsal bone can even lead to arthritis as it frequently bears more weight than other toes. Fracture in the first metatarsal bone is more tormenting than the fifth metatarsal bone as it bears the maximum weight of our body and can cause excruciating pain while standing or even walking. The treatment of the fractures can include the following:
Rest: It rapids the healing process of a fracture
Avoid Offending Activity: Usually, stress fractures are caused due to repetitive stress, so it is crucial to avoid those activities for a certain period. The use of crutches and wheelchairs can take off some weight from your foot and give them some time to heal.
Immobilization: You have to protect your fractured bone from external stress by using a stiff-soled shoe or some other form of immobilization.
Surgery: Some severe metatarsal fractures require surgery, particularly if the bone is badly displaced.
Post-Surgery Care: Your surgeon will provide you instructions about your follow-up care which you have to follow religiously to hasten the healing process. Physical therapy, exercises, and rehabilitation may be included in this schedule.
Symptoms of Metatarsalgia
Swelling of the metatarsal heads in your foot. Sharp or burning pain in the ball of your foot just behind your toes. It torments you more when you stand, run, walk, or even when you flex your toes. In addition to that, it can also cause numbing or a tingling sensation in your toes and a feeling of having a pebble or bead when you put on your shoes.
When to See a Doctor?
Not every foot problem requires medical care. If your foot is just swollen or inflamed, then using ice can relieve your pain. At home, you can modify your activities like changing your shoes which perfectly fits your foot, avoiding running and jumping in that condition, and also avoiding strainful workouts for a certain time. If the pain persists and does not decrease by modifying your activities, you should see a doctor.
It is rightfully said that health is wealth. If your health is fine, then you can complete all your work efficiently. We sometimes notice how much a small headache or foot ache affects the efficiency of our work. Most of us tend to ignore pain, which gradually increases until we cannot tolerate the pain anymore. By doing this, we are placing ourselves at greater risk of more complications in the future. We should never ignore metatarsal pain and take it lightly. Because metatarsals are the bones that help us in walking, and if left treated, there might be a possibility that you may never walk in the future. Our well-being is in our own hands, and it is our responsibility to take care of it.
FAQs on Metatarsal Bone in Human Foot
1. What is a metatarsal?
A metatarsal is one of the five long bones in the middle part of the foot that connect the ankle to the toes. These bones are located between the tarsal bones (hindfoot) and the phalanges (toe bones). Each metatarsal has three main parts:
- Base (proximal end)
- Shaft (body)
- Head (distal end)
2. How many metatarsal bones are in the human foot?
There are five metatarsal bones in each human foot. They are numbered from I to V starting from the medial (big toe) side to the lateral (little toe) side.
- First metatarsal – associated with the big toe
- Second to Fourth metatarsals – central foot support
- Fifth metatarsal – associated with the little toe
3. What is the function of the metatarsal bones?
The main function of the metatarsal bones is to support body weight and enable movement during walking and running. They:
- Transmit weight from the tarsal bones to the toes
- Form the arches of the foot
- Assist in balance and propulsion
4. Where are the metatarsals located in the foot?
The metatarsals are located in the middle region of the foot between the ankle and the toes. Specifically:
- Proximally, they articulate with the tarsal bones
- Distally, they connect to the proximal phalanges
5. What is the difference between metatarsals and phalanges?
The metatarsals are long bones of the midfoot, while the phalanges are the bones of the toes. Key differences include:
- Number: 5 metatarsals vs. 14 phalanges
- Location: Metatarsals form the forefoot; phalanges form the digits
- Function: Metatarsals bear weight; phalanges aid in balance and toe movement
6. What joints are formed by the metatarsal bones?
The metatarsal bones form tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints. These include:
- Tarsometatarsal joints – between metatarsals and tarsal bones
- Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints – between metatarsals and proximal phalanges
7. Why is the first metatarsal important?
The first metatarsal is important because it bears the highest load during walking and push-off. It:
- Supports body weight during propulsion
- Articulates with the big toe, which provides strong leverage
- Contains two sesamoid bones beneath its head
8. What is a metatarsal fracture?
A metatarsal fracture is a break or crack in one of the five metatarsal bones of the foot. Common causes include:
- Direct trauma or injury
- Repetitive stress (stress fractures)
- Twisting injuries
9. How do metatarsals contribute to the arches of the foot?
The metatarsals help form and maintain the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot. They:
- Act as supportive beams in the medial and lateral longitudinal arches
- Contribute to the transverse arch across the forefoot
10. Are metatarsals considered long bones?
Yes, metatarsals are classified as long bones because they have a shaft and two ends. Like other long bones, they contain:
- A central diaphysis (shaft)
- Two epiphyses (ends)
- Compact and spongy bone tissue
