CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 Latest Course Structure

The table below shows the course structure and marks distribution in the updated CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26.

Quick Overview of Physics Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2025-26

The Physics Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2025-26 provides interesting chapters and topics. It starts with the basics of Physics and later into complex concepts. Check out the description below for your learning in each unit.

Unit I- Electrostatics                                                                                  26 Periods

Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle, and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.

Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole, and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, the electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges, and electric dipole in an electrostatic field.

Conductors and insulators, free charges, and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors, and capacitance, a combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).

Unit II- Current Electricity                                                                             18 Periods

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Electric current, the flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge.

Unit III- Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism                                  25 Periods

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of the magnetic field, Oersted's experiment.

Biot - Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop.

Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, the force between two parallel current-carrying definitions of an ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines.

Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, the effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

Unit IV- Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents                   24 Periods

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Self and mutual induction.

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. AC generator, Transformer.

Unit V- Electromagnetic Waves                                                                        18 Periods

Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

The basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, and their transverse nature (qualitative idea only).

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit VI- Optics                                                                                                      30 Periods

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism.

Optical Instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Wave Optics: Wavefront and Huygens principle, reflection, and refraction of plane waves at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only).

Unit VII- Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter                                             08 Periods

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

Unit VIII- Atoms and Nuclei                                                                               15 Periods

Chapter–12: Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, Expression for the radius of the nth possible orbit, velocity, and energy of an electron in his orbit, of hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).

Chapter–13: Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

Unit IX- Electronic Devices                                                                                10 Periods

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n-type, p-n junction Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier.

CBSE Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 - Deleted Topics

The Class 12 Physics Deleted Syllabus 2025-26 is available here. There are a few topics and examples that are no longer part of the curriculum. The table below shows the removed sections, so you and your teachers can focus on the most relevant material for your exams.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Evaluation Scheme 2025-26

CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics Practical 2025-26

List of Experiments for Class 12 Physics Practical: Section A

• To determine the resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.

• To find the resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using a metre bridge.

• To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge

OR

To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre brid

• To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by the half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.

• To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of the desired range and to verify the same.

OR

To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of the desired range and to verify the same.

• To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

Activities 

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without an iron core.

2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), and current (AC) and check the continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter.

3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse, and a power source.

4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

5. To study the variation in potential drop with the length of a wire for a steady current.

6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter, and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

List of Experiments for Class 12 Physics Practical: Section B

• To find the value of v for different values of u in the case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.

• To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.

• To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.

• To find the focal length of a concave lens, use a convex lens.

• To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation.

• To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.

• To find the refractive index of a liquid using a convex lens and plane mirror.

• To find the refractive index of a liquid using a concave mirror and a plane mirror.

• To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.

Activities Assigned

• To distinguish a diode, an LED, a resistor, and a capacitor from a group of such components.

• Use a multimeter to observe the unidirectional flow of current in the case of a diode and an LED, and to determine if a certain electrical component (e.g., diode) is operational.

• To investigate the effect of light intensity (as measured by increasing the distance from the source) on an LDR.

• To investigate the refraction and lateral deviation of a light beam incident obliquely on a glass slab.

• To examine light diffraction caused by a narrow slit.

• To study the type and size of the image created by a (i) convex lens and (ii) concave mirror on a screen using a candle and a screen (at various distances from the lens/mirror).

• Using two lenses from the supplied collection of lenses, create a lens combination with the required focal length.

CBSE Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 - Question Paper Design

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has released the question paper design for the upcoming 2025-26 academic year Physics exam for Class 12. This breakdown outlines the format and types of questions you can expect for the test.

How Can Understanding the Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Improve Your Exam Preparation?

Knowing the complete physics class 12 syllabus 2025-26 helps you prepare with a clear strategy instead of studying randomly. When you understand the units, concepts, and practical components included in the course, it becomes easier to divide your time between theory revision, numerical practice, and important derivations. This structured approach not only improves conceptual clarity but also reduces last-minute stress before board exams.

Students who regularly check the syllabus while studying can track completed topics, identify weak areas early, and revise more effectively. Using the syllabus as a roadmap ensures that no important chapter is missed during preparation.

Why Should You Follow Vedantu’s CBSE Physics Syllabus While Studying?

• Preparing according to the physics syllabus class 12 CBSE 2025-26 keeps your focus on the exact curriculum prescribed for board exams.

• The official syllabus highlights the chapters and topics from which questions are asked, helping you avoid unnecessary study material and concentrate on exam-relevant concepts.

• Referring to the latest physics syllabus class 12 also helps you plan your revision schedule better, prioritise high-weightage chapters, and align your preparation with the exam pattern.

• When your study plan follows the official syllabus, your preparation becomes more organised, efficient, and result-oriented.

Related Topic Pages for Class 12 Physics

CBSE Class 12 Physics Study Materials